MoneyGeek Feature: How to Start Saving and Investing

Leanne Rahn had the privilege to be featured in MoneyGeek to talk to readers about “How to Start Saving and Investing”.

Leanne answers the questions of how much should you invest, how you choose the best stocks and bonds, how to start investing while living paycheck to paycheck, and her take on investment apps.

Fiduciary Financial Advisors, LLC is a registered investment adviser. Information presented is for educational purposes only and does not intend to make an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of any securities. Investments involve risk and are not guaranteed. Be sure to consult with a qualified financial adviser and/or tax professional before implementing any strategy discussed herein.

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Should We Pay Off the House Early?

Is paying off your mortgage early the smart thing to do? It sounds great having that extra cash flow in your pocket each month by not having that monthly mortgage payment. That being said it is not quite that simple, lets see if paying off the house early makes sense for you.

Consider these factors:

• Once your mortgage is gone you will be missing out on your mortgage interest tax deduction.

• Dependent on your interest rate you may be earning more on investments rather than paying off the bill.

Lets look at an example, say your mortgage is $400,000 and you are in year 5 of your 30 year loan with a 3.5% interest rate. In this example that makes your monthly payment roughly $1,800. If you decided to pay $3,600 a month instead of your $1,800 you would shorten the loan term all while spending less money on the house. This sounds greatly appealing I understand. My goal here is to simply bring math and facts to the table.

As you can see with the increase payment schedule your mortgage will cost you 532k rather than 646k. At the same time you saved more than 100k on interest. The downside to this is the fact that all of this interest can be deducted and create tax savings in the tens of thousands of dollars.

The largest point I would like to address here is the fact that I believe there is a better use for that additional $1800 a month.

Rather than cut down the mortgage what if we took that extra cash and invested it into an index fund? If we took the $1,800 a month and did just that, given a 10% rate of return you would accumulate $368,720.96 in just a 10 year span. Now what if we did it for the remainder of the loan? Investing that extra $1,800 a month for the 25 remaining years on the loan will accumulate a value of $2,388,300.13! That’s one expensive house…

Now this math has changed somewhat in the current marketplace we reside in. With mortgage rates anywhere from 5 to 7 percent the math becomes less appealing and there is definitely a stronger argument to pay down that mortgage. The rule of thumb should be, can I use this money to out earn the 6% I am paying the bank to borrow for my home? If not then consider paying down that mortgage.

One final thought, I am fully aware that owning a home is an emotional decision and not just one to be solved by math. There is something to be said about you owning your home and the dirt under it, not the bank. With that in mind I am not directly telling you to keep the mortgage payment we often find a healthy balance of investing and early payment being the most logical answer for our clients. As I said before, I wanted to present to you the math and logic around the process.

I would love to help you analyze your own situation. Please reach out!

MoneyGeek Feature: Finding the Right No Annual Fee Card

Leanne Rahn had the privilege to be featured in MoneyGeek to talk to readers about “Finding the Right No Annual Fee Card”.

Leanne discusses the pros & cons of no annual fee credit cards and what consumers should consider when paying for an annual fee credit card.

Fiduciary Financial Advisors, LLC is a registered investment adviser. Information presented is for educational purposes only and does not intend to make an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of any securities. Investments involve risk and are not guaranteed. Be sure to consult with a qualified financial adviser and/or tax professional before implementing any strategy discussed herein.

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Should I Own My Employer's Stock?

Many engineers have the opportunity to own stock in the company they work for. Whether it’s through a 401k match, Employee Stock Purchas Plan (ESPP), Restricted Stock Unit (RSU) grants, stock options, etc., owning a piece of your company can be a great way to build wealth. However, that doesn’t necessarily mean it’s the best way to build wealth.

In this video, I take a look at the difference between owning shares of an individual engineering company vs. owning a diversified portfolio of engineering companies. I break down the math to show that diversifying across many companies is generally going to be your best bet.

The data shown in this video was obtained from the Portfolio Visualizer backtest available here.

“I am passionate about helping people improve the efficiency of their finances!”

— Andy Cole

Fiduciary Financial Advisors, LLC is a registered investment adviser and does not give legal or tax advice. Information presented is for educational purposes only and does not intend to make an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of any securities. The information contained herein has been obtained from a third party source which is believed to be reliable but is subject to correction for error. Investments involve risk and are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or representation of future results.

How Saving for Your Retirement Has Changed

Leanne Rahn had the privilege to be featured in West Michigan Woman’s Magazine to talk to readers about “How Saving for Your Retirement Has Changed”.

Retirement isn't what it used to be, which means we need a new way to plan for it. Not sure of the best way to do so? You're not alone.

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Artificial Intelligence Reveals the Secrets to Becoming a Successful Investor

Technology and why it is Important

My brother once asked me; would you rather be who you are today with the resources you currently have, or would you rather be John D. Rockefeller back in the early 1900s? Rockefeller was estimated to have a net worth of $24.7 billion, adjusted for inflation to 2021 dollars. After considering, I decided I would rather be who I am today with my current resources even though my net worth is just slightly lower than $24.7 billion because the average person today lives a far more luxurious life than the richest person in the world did a century ago. We have:

• Indoor plumbing

• Air conditioning for our homes and vehicles

• Penicillin to literally save our lives

• Fast reliable planes that transport us around the world

• The Internet and WiFi

• Computers that automate many tasks for us

• Amazon delivers almost anything to our doorstep within 2 days

• Miniature supercomputers in our pockets that have Apps to do almost anything

I bring this up to remind us to remain grateful/humble for the things we do have instead of being jealous or resentful of the things we do not have. Some people get scared of new technology instead of embracing how it can improve our lives. 

Artificial Intelligence

One upcoming technology is Artificial Intelligence (AI). Just as I am not a billionaire, I am also not a computer programmer, so I don’t know how the technology works but find it interesting that AI is now able to write articles/blog posts. It will be interesting to see what the pros and cons of AI will be as technology advances. Below are two responses the AI wrote when I prompted, “Write a blog post on how to be a successful investor.” Let me know what you think about the AI’s advice! (I used the website https://openai.com/) 

AI’s First Response

Investing can be a great way to grow your wealth over time. It can also be intimidating for many people, especially those who are new to it. Whether you are just getting started or you’ve been investing for years, there are some key steps you can take to be a successful investor.

1. Develop an Investment Plan. Before you begin investing, it’s important to create an investment plan. This plan should include your goals, what types of investments you’d like to make, how much you are willing to invest, and your timeline for achieving your goals. This plan should be regularly updated as your goals and circumstances change.

2. Diversify Your Portfolio. Diversification is an important part of any successful investment strategy. Investing in different types of assets, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate, can help you reduce your risk and increase your potential returns.

3. Research Your Investments. It’s important to do your homework before investing. Research the companies or funds you’re considering investing in, and make sure you understand the risks and potential rewards.

4. Monitor Your Investments.

AI’s Second Response

Are you looking to become a successful investor? Investing can be a great way to make money, but it can also be a huge risk. To be a successful investor, you need to have a clear investment strategy and understand the risks associated with investing. Here are some tips to help you become a successful investor. 

1. Educate Yourself: Before you start investing, you need to take the time to educate yourself. Do your research and learn about different types of investments and the associated risks. You should also learn the basics of financial markets, such as how stocks and bonds are traded. 

2. Set Goals: Before you start investing, you need to set some goals. What are your long-term and short-term goals? Are you looking to make regular income or grow your wealth over the long-term? Knowing your goals will help you decide which investments are best suited to your needs. 

3. Create a Plan: Once you’ve set your goals, you should create a plan to reach them. This plan should include a timeline of when you should invest, how much money you should invest, and what types of investments you should consider. 

4. Diversify: To reduce the risk of losses, it's important to diversify your investments. Don't put all your eggs in one basket - diversify across different asset classes, such as stocks, bonds, and cash.

“The future is already here. It’s just not evenly distributed yet.”

— William Gibson

Fiduciary Financial Advisors, LLC is a registered investment adviser and does not give legal or tax advice. Information presented is for educational purposes only and does not intend to make an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of any securities. The information contained herein has been obtained from a third party source which is believed to be reliable but is subject to correction for error. Investments involve risk and are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or representation of future results.

Home for the Holidays Magazine - Seeking Peace with Leanne Rahn

Leanne Rahn had the privilege to be featured in Real Estate By Aubree’s Home for the Holidays Magazine to talk to readers about “Staying the Course”.

With a Christmas twist, Leanne emphasizes the importance of not just your destination but your journey and the steps you take along the way. Leave feeling encouraged, confident, and motivated while understanding the value of remaining steadfast on your current course.

Leanne, Aubree, along with many other West Michigan businesses are wishing you a very Merry Christmas!

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Boring Is Better

With holiday season in full swing and many more festive gatherings to come you may find yourself having conversations around the state of our economy, the cost of living, possibly even how your portfolios may be preforming, or more likely, how they are not preforming.

As we have watched the market react through this cycle of underperformance one thing has remained true, there is beauty and pride in proven investments. To paraphrase investor Jim Grant: Knowledge in some fields is cumulative. In other fields it’s cyclical (at best).

Let’s create some context, In the 19th century it was common for surgeons to reject the concept of micro bacteria, also known as germs. There was no process of sterilization when preforming surgery, which led to many infections and later a general knowledge of germs. This seems unfathomable to you or I reading this now but, like many things in life, it took countless mistakes to create a form of “Cumulative Knowledge” in the field.

For some reason this form of knowledge seems to pass over a large majority of the investment community. Although we have vast knowledge, an abundance of research and thousands of examples of different investment philosophies and strategies over time. Time and time again human behavior has not drastically varied through market cycles. The majority of investors participate in this form of “Cyclical Knowledge” mentioned by investor Jim Grant.

Let’s look at this mathematically -

 We have spent the last decade in a flourishing economy where nearly anyone from anywhere could create wealth in the equites market, in the last 12 months this entire concept has drastically changed. The majority of stocks are down year to date and all of the main indices listed above have suffered losses, although not in equal proportions.

Those boring old blue-chip stocks that pay a nice dividend and have strong cash flows are looking as bright as ever. Rather than the trendy investments in crypto currencies, blockchain, robotics, cyber security, and many more innovative concepts. It is time to be more methodical and rational in our investment philosophies.

Success in the stock market should look boring! You will not be sitting at the dinner table talking about your hot stock tip that doubled this year. Or how someone you work with got rich overnight on a hot investment.

This is not a proven way to create wealth. Diligence and patience are the greatest tools you possess in order to create lasting wealth. This sort of thing takes decades not weeks.

Invest continually over long periods of time, keep fees to a minimum, and wait patiently over years and decades to effectively build wealth.

This is not a declaration that index funds are the only answer to success in the realm of investing. I too enjoy variations of asset allocation; yet, this is a reminder of the importance of these strategies when considering the portions of your financial plan that are crucial to your retirement. As well as a reminder to be diligent in where your money is and who is in charge of it.  

My encouragement to you, as you hear those stories of large gains and news articles of the next big thing, find a way to stay true to the fundamentals. Understand although someone may be holding a hot stock up 80% odds are the rest of their holdings are suffering, they just failed to mention it. Exciting investments may have had their time in the spotlight but one thing will remain true over centuries. Boring investments do not have an ego, boring investments always have been and always will be sexy. 

Wealth is Built Over Time.

 Fiduciary Financial Advisors is a registered investment adviser. Information presented is for educational purposes only and does not intend to make an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of any securities. Investments involve risk and are not guaranteed. Be sure to consult with a qualified financial adviser and/or tax professional before implementing any strategy discussed herein.

How Travel Nurses Qualify for a Mortgage

Advice From A Mortgage Loan Officer

Macatawa Bank’s Mortgage team welcomed Alex to the team in 2016. Before joining the Mortgage team she served as a Commercial Credit Analyst. Prior to her work at Macatawa Bank, Merz was a Customer Service Representative at Chemical Bank. Alex holds her Bachelor's degree from Davenport University, where she double majored in Marketing and Finance, and played both basketball and golf. When she’s not fitting her customers with the perfect mortgage, Alex cheers on the Detroit Lions, no matter how bad they might be playing.

616.502.8044 akiel@macatawabank.com Website

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H: I’ve heard travel nurses say they haven’t been able to get approved for a mortgage loan. What is a bank looking for to qualify travel nurses to obtain a mortgage?

A: Ideally, an underwriter is looking for a 2+ year history of being a traveling nurse with back-to-back contracts. If the potential borrowers are able to save up for a down payment during this time and build their credit, they will end up most likely with a better interest rate and lower monthly payments once they do qualify.

H: What if the travel nurse is looking to buy a house before that 2+ year limit? Does the amount of time they worked as a full-time employee at a hospital before they started travel nursing count at all?

A: If they are not able to wait 2 years to buy, they could consider a co-borrower and then refinance the loan into their own name solely once they have the two-year history. A bank may consider an income exception if the borrower has excellent credit, a good down payment, and a low debt-to-income ratio. They would need to see at least a one-year history of income being a traveling nurse though. This is not guaranteed, but the borrowers could apply for a pre-qualification after at least one year of income and have the bank take a look at the application. The exceptions would be on a case-by-case basis, and a strong co-borrower usually helps.

H: You mentioned back-to-back contracts. It can be hard to start another travel contract the very next week so a lot of nurses take a few weeks off in-between contracts. Would that still count as back-to-back? Any recommendations in the timeframe between contracts if someone is looking to obtain a mortgage?

A: A few weeks off would likely still be considered back-to-back. It’s understood that the industry norm could have a week or two in between contracts. Once a nurse starts approaching a month between each contract, there may be an explanation required for the gap in employment. Since the time in between each contract could vary, that’s another reason a two-year history is helpful to see the average income and the average amount of time worked year over year.

H: A decent chunk of travel nurse income comes in the form of tax-free stipends for housing and food. Does the bank consider this when evaluating the debt-to-income ratio?

A: The stipend would have to be documented and consistent to be considered income. The structure of income needs to remain the same year over year to be calculated as an average. If not every contract has a stipend, it may be difficult to consider it as income. However, when calculating the debt-to-income ratio, items like food expenses are not necessarily counted against the borrower. For example, the total debt considered in that ratio are items like loans from the credit report, property taxes, homeowners insurance, the proposed new loan, and HOA payments if applicable. Items like food expenses, gas, utilities, etc. are not counted as a debt payment each month. So the stipend portion of payment could go towards personal expenses and not necessarily considered to help with the loan repayment.

H: What percent would you recommend for a down payment?

A: Most of our loan options require at least a 5% down payment. If you don’t have 20% down, that is okay, but there will be PMI payments required. PMI stands for private mortgage insurance and is an extra portion of the monthly payment that does not go toward the principal balance of the loan. The more one puts down, the lower the PMI payment will be. I would never recommend someone use all of their liquid funds towards the down payment in case a large expense comes up unexpectedly. If someone can’t come up with 20% down, it shouldn’t necessarily stop them from buying a home.

H: I’ve heard it is not good to take out a new credit card or loan before applying to get a mortgage. Any other things that nurses should try not to do?

A: That is true, if the loan can wait, don’t apply for it until after the home purchase. Also, don’t apply for these things during the loan process either. If one does, the new loans have to be counted in the debt-to-income ratio on the mortgage application. Try not to save your down payment in cash under your bed. We cannot accept funds for a mortgage in cash because we have to source where those funds came from. Have the funds deposited in a savings, checking, or money-market account.

H: How soon would you recommend a travel nurse start talking with a mortgage broker when they want to start the process of getting a home mortgage loan?

Each scenario is different for each person. If someone is serious about trying to buy a home in the future, they can truly reach out to a mortgage lender at any time. The lender can explain if they couldn’t get approval now, what it would take to get approval and what the borrower should be working on. The lender could also go through options that would involve a co-borrower if the income of the traveling nurse can’t be considered at that time. They can also review how much income would be required based on the purchase price desired.

Fiduciary Financial Advisors, LLC is a registered investment adviser and does not give legal or tax advice. Information presented is for educational purposes only and does not intend to make an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of any securities. The information contained herein has been obtained from a third party source which is believed to be reliable but is subject to correction for error. Investments involve risk and are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or representation of future results.

Mega-Backdoor Roth - The Hidden 401k Feature that can Supercharge Your Retirement Saving

Saying that the Mega-Backdoor Roth strategy can supercharge your retirement saving is not a hyperbole. In most situations, maximizing this feature MORE THAN DOUBLES the amount you can save to Roth accounts each year. Once those savings are invested in a Roth account, they can grow tax free for years or decades and be withdrawn tax free* in retirement.

The “mega-backdoor” can have mega tax impacts

A quick example illustrates just how powerful those tax savings can be:

Each year for 20 years, “normal 401k Charlie” maxes out his Roth 401k with $20,500 and invests an additional $40,500 in a taxable investment account. Both accounts grow at 6% per year. At the end of 20 years, Charlie has $1,497,169 in his taxable account and $757,826 in his 401k; $2,254,995 in total. While Charlie’s Roth 401k savings can be withdrawn tax free in retirement, he will owe capital gains tax on the $687,169 of his investment gains in the taxable account. At long term capital gains rate of 15% that would be $103,075 in taxes! This doesn’t even include taxes he would likely have paid on dividends in the taxable account over 20 years.

“Mega-backdoor Bettie” on the other hand maxes out her normal $20,500 Roth 401k contribution and is able to invest an additional $40,500 into her Roth 401k through the Mega-backdoor strategy. After 20 years, with the same investment return as Charlie, Bettie has the same total savings of $2,254,995. However, Bettie can withdraw that full amount tax free in retirement.

In this example the Mega-backdoor saved Bettie $103,075 on taxes! She also didn’t pay tax on any dividends along the way.

How to implement the Mega-Backdoor strategy

Hopefully this example helps illustrate that the Mega-Backdoor Roth can be a powerful tax-saving strategy, but how does it work? By making after-tax 401k contributions and in-plan Roth conversions. Let’s break those two steps down:

1) Allowing after tax 401k contributions increases the maximum amount employees can contribute from $20,500 in 2022 to $61,000* (or $67,500* if you’re over 50). After-tax contributions don’t reduce your taxable income or tax bill today, but this is where the in-plan Roth conversion is key.

2) Through an in-plan conversion you can easily take those huge after-tax contributions and convert them to Roth funds within your 401k (or through rollover conversions to a Roth IRA). Once converted, your savings grow tax-free and can be withdrawn tax free in retirement just like normal Roth 401k or Roth IRA contributions.

This is the power of the mega-backdoor, it allows you to quickly build a much bigger tax-free* retirement nest egg than you could with a typical 401k and Roth IRA alone. And, unlike a Roth IRA where households over the income limit aren’t allowed to contribute, anyone in the plan can contribute with no income cap. This means even high earning households can mega-backdoor. It’s actually this group that can benefit the most!

Some 401k plans don’t support the Mega Backdoor and some require an extra step

Unfortunately, many 401k plans don’t allow allow for employees to make after tax contributions. Sadly, there’s not even a good reason for this other than perhaps some added administrative difficulty. That said, it is becoming more and more common and will likely continue to grow in popularity. Some plans allow for after tax contributions but don’t have a program set up for in-plan conversions to Roth. This is where a second step is needed to see if the plan does allow for “in service distributions” so that employees can roll over their after tax contributions to an IRA and convert them to Roth. If you’re unsure what you’re plan allows or how to execute this step please reach out, I’m happy to help.

The Mega Backdoor isn’t right for everyone

Let’s be honest, making mega-backdoor Roth contributions isn’t realistic for a lot of people. Maxing out a $20,500 annual contribution is already a lot! In fact, it may already be more than enough for your situation and retirement goals. That said, there are a lot of unique situations where a mega backdoor strategy can become unexpectedly relevant, I’ve written about several of them here: Mega-Backdoor Roths Aren’t Just for Rich People.

Like any large money decision, mega-backdoor Roth contributions should be part of a bigger financial and tax strategy built around your needs, your timeline, and your goals. If you’d like help building a strategy tailored to your timeline and goals (or figuring out if your employer allows the mega-backdoor), feel free to reach out, I’d love to see if I can help or direct you to someone who can. You can reach me by email at ryan@ffadvisor.com or cel phone: 616.594.6205.

Footnotes:

*Roth savings grow tax-free. Contributions can be withdrawn without tax or penalty at any time and investment gains can be withdrawn tax and penalty-free after age 59-½ (or 55 if the “rule of 55” applies to you).

*$61,000 and $67,500 are the 2022 limits for employee contributions, employer matches, and profit sharing contributions combined. Your max contribution = $61,000 or $67,500 - employer match - profit sharing contribution.